ディスコース概念の再考

―Van Dijk 及び Faircloughの言説概念の検討―

A Review of the Concept of Discourse
―Focusing on the difference between the perspectives of Van Dijk and Fairclough―


中西満貴典
NAKANISHI Mikinori

Abstract

　　　The aim of this study is to reconsider the concept of ‘discourse’, spotlighting the viewpoints of the paradigm of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). ‘Discourse’ has been diversely defined by leading theorists depending on their disciplines, such as linguistics, sociolinguistics, and sociology including ethnomethodology or Foucault’s theory of knowledge / power.
　First, we review lexical meaning of ‘discourse’ as it is defined in various dictionaries. Then, we outline various sociolinguistic definitions of the term in reference to Discourse Analysis. The main discussion consists of two parts which deal with the frame of reference in CDA. The first examines Van Dijk’s concept of ‘discourse’ and the second reviews Fairclough’s argument that ‘discourse’ is language use conceived as social practice.

Key words : 言説、談話、批判的ディスコース分析(CDA)、Van Dijk、N. Fairclough